Phase 0 or Beacon Chain is a beginning stage of the Ethereum (ETH) 2.0 Proof-of-Stake network. Ethereum Foundation has just published a verbalized thesis called ‘Phase 0 for Humans [v0.10.0]’, which shows the details of Ethereum (ETH) 2.0 network design and how it will run.
The responsibility of validators
One of the key purposes of ETH2 Phase 0 is to hold the interaction of validators responsible for the transactions’ confirmation.
According to Ethereum’s team lead, Danny Ryan said the Beacon Chain can also be dubbed as a “system chain” or “spine chain” since this chain has stored and managed the registry of validators in which the validators are assigned to their duties.
Developers also provided five main functions of validators in Beacon Chain:
- Operate a protocol level random number generation
- Develop the Beacon Chain by providing fresh blocks
- Vote on the head of the chain
- Conclude checkpoints
- Connect the transactions of shards.
Therefore, the Beacon Chain is where validators build the backbone of the new Ethereum (ETH) platform.
When will sharding appear?
Sharding is a type of database division that splits up very large databases into smaller, faster, and more manageable parts called data shards.
Even though some details of Ethereum (ETH) 2.0 are still subject to changes, it is clear that the final sharding design will be available during Phase 1. The reason is Phase 0 beacon chain currently contained shards and crosslinks are not currently contained within the Phase 0. They are the majority of the Phase 1 milestone.
Furthermore, some forms of penalties and even excluding from the operations in the Ethereum (ETH) 2.0 network are visualized for malicious validators. Every validator who fails to affirm some blocks or participate in voting will somewhat lose his/her stake rewards.
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